Medieval imagery involves sequential illustration. Above is the tale of David and Goliath. Note there is no text (only the most learned of the population could read!).
This image "reads" from left to right in three "lines". It requires previous knowledge of the tale for it to make any sense; much like any illustration. However, with that knowledge, the story becomes readable.
A quick interpretation by myself (all this can be seen in the above image):
The King is Saul, the first King of Israel. Saul was often at war with the Philistines who had a champion called Goliath. David requested to fight Goliath. He took nought but a sling and stones. David hit Goliath in the forehead and beheaded him as he lay stunned. The Philistine army fled.
Saul became jealous of David and twice threw a javelin at him as he played his lyre. Now here it becomes a little tricky, it appears to show that God blesses David as servants say to him "Look, the king likes you, and his attendants all love you; now become his son-in-law." - referring to the marriage of David and Michal, Saul's daughter.
The bottom part appears to refer to the death of Saul's three sons (probably Jonathon in the illustration given he was a close friend to David). Saul asks his servants to take his life as he grieves. However, they would not do it so Saul fell on his own sword; thus taking his own life.
David became the second King of Jerusalem.
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